Wham-O, the company that brought the world the Superball, starts with a good, bouncy rubberin this case, Zectron, which is Superball’s trademarked name for the synthetic rubber polybutadiene with some sulfur added for reinforcement.
They take that and add a whole mess of pressure when they mold the ball. How much pressure?
The company says it’s about a thousand pounds per square inch as they heat the rubber to more than 320 °F.